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A simple explainer providing a snapshot of the law related to Child Labour In India

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<h3>Children are lied to and enticed to be brought for work</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023</td>
<td><strong>a. Cheating</strong></td>
<td>Section 318(2) and related</td>
<td>Bailable and non cognizable</td>
<td>Upto 3 year or fine or with both</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td colspan="4"><strong> b. Abduction</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Abduction for wrongful confinement</td>
<td>Section 140(3), 140(4)and related</td>
<td>Non bailable and&nbsp; cognizable</td>
<td>Upto 7 years and fine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>
<p>Abduction for slavery</p>
</td>
<td>Section 140(4)</td>
<td>Non bailable and cognizable</td>
<td>Upto 10 years or fine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>c. Kidnapping through enticement</strong></td>
<td>Section 137(2)</td>
<td>Cognizable and Bailable (Non-bailable in Delhi)</td>
<td>Upto 7 years and fine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JJ Act, 2015</td>
<td>Procurement of a child for hazardous employment</td>
<td>Section 79</td>
<td>Cognizable and Bailable (Non-bailable in Delhi)</td>
<td>Upto 5 years and fine</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>By paying some money to the parents as consideration or as advance</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita(BNS),2023</td>
<td>Buying of a person as a slave</td>
<td>Section 143</td>
<td>Bailable and non cognizable</td>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;Rigorous Imprisonment&nbsp; &nbsp;10 years Upto life imprisonment and fine</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976</td>
<td rowspan="2">Punishment for advancement for bonded labour</td>
<td>Section 17</td>
<td>Bailable and&nbsp; cognizable</td>
<td>Upto 3 years and fine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Giving away the procured (Trafficked child) to the employer for monetary consideration for the purpose of employment</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023</td>
<td>Selling a minor for the purposes of Prostitution</td>
<td>Section 98</td>
<td>Non Bailable and cognizable</td>
<td>Upto 10 years and fine</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Employing the child</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="social-welfare/women-and-child-development/child-development-1/resources-on-safe-childhood-for-panchayat-members/child-labour">Child Labour</a> (Prohibition and Regulation Act,1986)</td>
<td>Employing the child in prohibited occupations and processes</td>
<td>3/14</td>
<td>Non-Cognizable and Bailable</td>
<td>up to 2 years and fine up to 20,000(Min.10,000 and max.20,000 as per Supreme court Guidelines</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JJ Act, 2015</td>
<td rowspan="2">Procurring child/Juvenile for hazardous employment</td>
<td>Section 79</td>
<td>Cognizable and&nbsp;Bailable (Non-Bailable in Delhi)</td>
<td>Upto 5 years and fine</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Not allowing the child to move freely, return home as per his / her will</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023</td>
<td>Wrongful confinement of a kidnapped or abducted person / child</td>
<td>Section 142</td>
<td>Cognizable and non Bailable</td>
<td>Upto 10 years and fine</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Not paying wages or paying less than the minimum wage</h3>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Offence (Provision)</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Classification</th>
<th>Punishment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act</td>
<td rowspan="3">Enforcing forced or bonded labour</td>
<td>Section 16</td>
<td>Cognizable and Bailable</td>
<td>Upto 3 years and fine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023</td>
<td>
<p>Section 98</p>
<p>Section 99</p>
</td>
<td>Non bailable and Cognizable</td>
<td>
<p>Upto 10 years and fine</p>
<p>7 years Upto 14 years and fine</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Section 146</td>
<td>Bailable and Cognizable</td>
<td>Upto maximum 1 year and fine and with both</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>In all of the above situations it may also be noted that Section 143 of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita shall be applied in situations where an Act, Means and End (ie. a form of exploitation) exists as elaborated below.</p>
<table class="grid listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Statute</th>
<th>Section</th>
<th>Act</th>
<th>Means</th>
<th>End (Exploitation)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6">Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023</td>
<td rowspan="6">
<p>143</p>
<p>Whoever for the purpose of exploitation,</p>
</td>
<td>Recruits</td>
<td>Using threat</td>
<td>Physical exploitation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Transports</td>
<td>Using force or any other form of coercion</td>
<td>Sexual exploitation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Harbours</td>
<td>Abduction</td>
<td>Slavery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Transfers</td>
<td>Practicing fraud, or deception</td>
<td>Practices similar to slavery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Receives</td>
<td>Abuse of power</td>
<td>Servitude</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Inducement</td>
<td>Forced removal of organs</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Sources : </strong></p>
<ol>
<li><a class="ext-link-icon external-link" title="External website that opens in new window" href="https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/CS_TraffickingOfChild_140813.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SOP to handle trafficking of children for child labour</a></li>
<li><a class="ext-link-icon external-link" title="External website that opens in new window" href="https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.</a></li>
</ol>